วันจันทร์ที่ 4 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2560

EL 321 Unit 7 explanations of degree of probability

Degree of Probability

1    (100%)  it will definitely be a success.
2   (90%)    it's almost certain to be a success.
3   (70%)    it's likely to be a success.
4   (50%)    it might be a success.
5   (20%)    it might just be a success.
6   (10%)    there's not much chance it will be a success.
7   (0%)      there's no way it will be a success.

วันจันทร์ที่ 30 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2560

EL 321 Future forms

EL 321


Future Forms:

Will V1, is/are V ing, is/are going to V1

Will

Use

Here we look at three cases in the use of the Future Simple:

  • predicting the future
  • no prior plan
  • main verb be

1) Predictions, assumptions without any clear evidence

I think gold prices will rise a little next year.









2) Spontaneous actions
 without planning and the decision is made at the time of speaking.

Wait! I will accompany you home since it is quite dark outside.


3) With the verb be


We will be stronger and wiser in the future.






Form
will
 + infinitive 






Examples

Affirmative sentences:

He 
will call that client.
He
'll call
 that client.Negative sentences:
He 
will not  call that client.
He 
won't call that clientor He'll not call that client


Questions:

Will he call that client?


Going to – Future

Use

1) Planned actions in the future

They are going to acquire a small company for diversification and expansion.






2) That something is certainly going to happen in the future.

Our company lacks liquidity and cannot pay our debts at all! We are going to be out of business soon.






Signal words

None but without signs or signals of ambuguity






Form

to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive






Examples

Affirmative sentences:

am going to play cards.
I
'm going to play cards.
You are going to play cards.
You
're going to play cards.

Negative sentences:

am not going to play cards.
I
'm not going to play cards.
You are not going to play cards.
You
're not going to play cards.
You
 aren't going to play cards.

Questions:

Am I going to play cards?
Are you going to play cards?


ATTENTION!!

This is not the same as IS + V ing or Present Progressive/Continuous

going to-future
Present Progressive
He's going to read the book.
He's reading the book.


Present Progressive

For Future Use

1) Fixed plan or arrangement in the near future

He is giving a talk on Life After Death next Friday.






2) Actions occurring temporarily

She is working as a substitute teacher.






3) Trends

People are communicating through their smart devices more often than face-to-face.






4) Actions which are irritatingly repeated (with always, constantly, forever)

Ken is constantly coming by without letting us know in advance.






Form

to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing






Examples

Affirmative sentences:

am playing tennis.
I
'm playing tennis.
You are playing tennnis.
You
're playing tennis.

Negative sentences:

am not playing tennis.
I
'm not playing tennis.
You are not playing tennis.
You
're not playing tennis.
You
 aren't playing tennis.

Questions:

Am I playing tennis?
Are you playing tennis?



วันอังคารที่ 2 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2560

A guideline for El 321 final presentations Tuesday and Thursday classes

THESE ARE JUST SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR THE TOPICS OR KEY WORDS YOU CAN ELABORATE ON FOR YOUR FINAL PRESENTATIONS:( MORE IN DEPTH FOR THIS PRESENTATIONS)
The presentation will be for 20 points. A group of three students is preferable. The minimum time used is 3 minutes per student. Students must not read from the script, the monitor or the screen for more than 30%. If reading is more than 30%, the minimum scores of 10-12 will be given. If any students do not read from the prepared script, they will earn points no less than 16.

The priority will be given to students who propose the topics first in case any two groups decide to work on the same topic. Please propose your topic by sending the topic together with a brief ouline. This can be the details of the major details each student will take care of.

My email address is  preeyachatu@gmail.com.  Please also write which section you are in, MON MORNING, MON AFTERNOON or TUESDAY AFTERNOON.

UNIT 5: 
1. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
2. THE LATEST TREND IN RETAIL'S PROMOTION USING HI-TECH
3. THE BATTLES BETWEEN OFFLINE AND ONLINE BUSINESSES
4. E-COMMERCE IN THAILAND
5. ONLINE SHOPPING IN THAILAND
6. RIVAL BUSINESSES USING E-COMMERCE
7. SMART DEVICES OR PROGRAMS WHICH HELP BOOST SALES AND BUSINESSES

(There will be more suggestions soon.)

UNIT 6: BUSINESS AND ETHICS
1. BUSINESSES WITH ETHICS THAT PROSPER: examples of cases
2. EXAMPLES OF CREDOS OR MISSION STATEMENTS AND COMPANIES THAT
KEEP THEIR PROMISES OF DOING GOOD THINGS
3. CASES TO EXEMPLIFY UNETHICAL CONDUCTS IN DIFFERENT BUSINESSES
4. TO CREATE GOOD IMAGE SUCCESSFULLY AND DETAILS OF IMPRESSIVE AND INNOVATIVE CSR  CASES (NOT THE SIMPLE CASES LIKE RECYCLING OR USING PAPER CUPS INSTEAD OF PLASTIC CUPS OR THE LIKE)
(There will be more suggestions soon.)

UNIT 7: A MERGER OR AND ACQUISITION
1. WHY DO COMPANIES HAVE TO MERGE OR ACQUIRE OTHER COMPANIES?
2. WHAT ARE THE STAGES/STEPS OF M&A? HOW DO THE TWO BUSINESSES GO ABOUT IN MERGING WITH OR ACQUIRING OTHER COMPANIES.//TYPES OF M&A
3. WHAT ARE THE SUCCESS CASES AND WHAT ARE THE FAILURE CASES? WHAT ARE THE FACTORS OF THEIR SUCCESS AND FAILURE?
4. NEGOTIATIONS IN M&A
5. MEETINGS BEFORE AN M&A
6. FUTURE PLANS WHEN CONSIDERING AN M&A
7. WAYS TO AVOID AGGRESSIVE TAKEOVERS
8. WHY POISON PILLS AND HOW TO CREATE THEM?
9. WAYS TO HAVE AGGRESSIVE TAKEOVERS AND SOME REAL EXAMPLES
10. CASES WITH INFORMATION TO COMPARE COMPANIES BEFORE AND AFTER THE M&A.

UNIT 8: INTERNATIONAL TRADE

1. NEGOTIATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
2. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE/CONSIDERED TO BE ABLE TO TRADE ABROAD?
3. STAGES/STEPS IN EXPORTING/IMPORTING
4. PROBLEMS IN TRADING ABROAD
5. IMPORTANT LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM OTHER COMPANIES
6. INCOTERMS
7. WAYS TO AVOID RISKS AND PAYMENT TERMS
8. CASES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURES
9. PROTECTIONISM AND WAYS A COUNTRY USES TO PROTECTS ITS LOCAL BUSINESSES
10. FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN EXPORTING
11. TRADE DEFICITS AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
12. HOW TO PENETRATE NEW MARKETS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXAMPLES

วันอาทิตย์ที่ 16 เมษายน พ.ศ. 2560

EL 321 TUESDAY and THURSDAY CLASSES

THESE ARE THE TOPICS OR KEY WORDS YOU CAN ELABORATE ON FOR YOUR TWO SPEAKING ACTIVITIES:( MORE IN DEPTH FOR THE FINAL PRESENTATIONS)

UNIT 7: A MERGER OR AND ACQUISITION
1. WHY DO COMPANIES HAVE TO MERGE OR ACQUIRE OTHER COMPANIES?
2. WHAT ARE THE STAGES/STEPS OF M&A? HOW DO THE TWO BUSINESSES GO ABOUT IN MERGING WITH OR ACQUIRING OTHER COMPANIES.//TYPES OF M&A
3. WHAT ARE THE SUCCESS CASES AND WHAT ARE THE FAILURE CASES? WHAT ARE THE FACTORS OF THEIR SUCCESS AND FAILURE?
4. NEGOTIATIONS IN M&A
5. MEETINGS BEFORE AN M&A
6. FUTURE PLANS WHEN CONSIDERING AN M&A
7. WAYS TO AVOID AGGRESSIVE TAKEOVERS
8. WHY POISON PILLS AND HOW TO CREATE THEM?
9. WAYS TO HAVE AGGRESSIVE TAKEOVERS AND SOME REAL EXAMPLES
10. CASES WITH INFORMATION TO COMPARE COMPANIES BEFORE AND AFTER THE M&A.

UNIT 8: INTERNATIONAL TRADE

1. NEGOTIATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
2. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE/CONSIDERED TO BE ABLE TO TRADE ABROAD?
3. STAGES/STEPS IN EXPORTING/IMPORTING
4. PROBLEMS IN TRADING ABROAD
5. IMPORTANT LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM OTHER COMPANIES
6. INCOTERMS
7. WAYS TO AVOID RISKS AND PAYMENT TERMS
8. CASES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURES
9. PROTECTIONISM AND WAYS A COUNTRY USES TO PROTECTS ITS LOCAL BUSINESSES
10. FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN EXPORTING
11. TRADE DEFICITS AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
12. HOW TO PENETRATE NEW MARKETS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXAMPLES

วันศุกร์ที่ 17 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2560

EL 321 Useful links for the grammatical points included in Units 5-6

________________________________________________
http://www.grammaring.com/passive-voice

EL 321 KEYS to some exercises in UNIT 6

Unit 6

6.2 Vocabulary 
Page 78
Meetings
1. c    2. a    3. e    4. b    5. f    6. d    7. j    8. l    9. k    10. g           11. i   12. h

Adjectives
3. Match the adjectives with the definitions
1. immediate or quick = prompt
2. willing to do things which are not honest = dishonest
3. intended to make someone believe something that is not true = misleading
4. appearing different from the way it really is = deceptive
5. able to be trusted as honest = trustworthy
6. dependable = reliable
7. complicated, not easy to understand = confusing
8. not true = false
9. having a selfless concern for others' well-being = altruistic
10. correct or true in every detail = accurate


Exercises about active and passive voice Page 78
Passive voice ==> Active voice
Stake holders:
2. Your factory manufactures products which are a risk to workers' health.
3. Your company has promised salary increases but you still haven't paid them.
4. Many people anticipate redundancies, so do you have any plans for compensation?
5. Your company pay local suppliers late, and sometimes you never pay them.
6. Your company pays enormous salaries to managers, but you don't invest in the local community.
7. Your suppliers use child labour.
8. You haven't paid local company taxes.
9. Your company used our pension fund to buy a Chinese competitor, so you have no money left to pay retirees.
10. You could relocate to Eastern Europe to cut costs.

Active voice ==> Passive voice
Spokesperson 2. Some restricted products are manufactured but all government safety producers are respected.
3. Salary increases were discussed by the HR manager, but they haven't been confirmed yet.
4. Some redundancies will have to be made, but workers will be compensated.
5. Payments have occasionally been delayed, but our suppliers have always been paid.
6. Top salaries have to be offered to keep the best managers.  A lot of money is invested in the local economy.
7. Young adults are employed by our suppliers, but children have not been employed since 2010.
8. Most of last year's tax bill was paid.  It has been agreed that we will postpone payment of the rest.
9. A Chinese company was bought last year buy it is to be sold at a profit.
10. A possible relocation is being discussed, but a decision won't be taken until next year.



วันจันทร์ที่ 13 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2560

EL 321: Keys to Review 5 and Review 6 pp 130-133

Chapter 5: Review Exercises, page 130-131

1.
1 b    2  c    3  a    4  a

2.
1  Sentence a) is called the zero conditional and the time reference   
    is general.
2  Sentence b) is called the first conditional and the time reference
    is future.
3  Sentence c) is called the second conditional and the time
    reference is future. 

3.
1  If we continue talking, I'm sure we'll find a compromise.
2. If I agree to that price, can you sign today?

4.
1  b    2  c    3  a

5.
The first conditional refers to a likely event in the future.  In the if clause you use any present tense (simple continuous or perfect) and in the main clause you use will or other modals or the imperative(ประโยคคำสั่ง).

6.
1  I'll    2  we might be able to    3  I should be able to

7.
When the if clause comes at the end, you leave out the comma in writing.

8.
1  S    2  D   a) uncertainty    b) certainty

9.
1  unless    2  If    3  If    4  unless

10.
1  Unless we leave now, ...    2  Unless he agrees to our terms, ...

11.
1  a     2  d    3  c    4  b

12.
1  If I was/were the boss of this company, I would improve communications by having regular meetings.
2  If we paid a 50% deposit now, would you reduce the price to 25,000 Euros?

13.
The expressions providing, provided, as long as and so long as all mean if and only if.  They emphasize the condition.  They have a second conditional form, so they are followed by a verb in the past simple.

14.
1  I suggest (that) we to buy the cheaper model.
2  I recommend it that we have a short break.
3  I advise that you to look again at the figures.
4  What do you suggest me?
5  I recommend you not parking here.


Chapter 6  Company and community: Review exercises pp.132-133
1.
1  a    2  b    c  b    4  A lot of illegal immigrants were employed last year.

2.
1  b    2  a    3  d    4  c

3.
Ending 1 makes a better link.

4.
1  Car parts are made here.
2  The river is being polluted.
3  The law was obeyed.
4  I have been offered the job.
5  Fake goods were being sold.
6  This policy can be changed.
7  We might be fined.
8  This will be decided later.

5.
1  The environment has been put at the centre of our future planning.
2  The idea of corporate social responsibility was introduced by Johnson & Johnson.
3  The elevator is serviced every week.
4  The elevator was serviced last week by that guy with the crazy look in his eyes.
5  A hundred new employees are being hired this month.
6  My flight was delayed.
7  My flight was delayed by a major security alert involving 80 Chechnian terrorists.
8  The environment must be protected.

6.
A terrible gas leak occurred in Bhopal in 1984 -- it seems that the disaster was caused by an act of sabotage.

7.
1  e    2  b    3  c and d    4  a    5  g    6  f    7  h

8.
1 correct  2  correct   3  correct    4  correct  

9.
She said that they'd give me their answer today.

10.
1  She said that she would do that.
2  She told me that she would do that.
3  She said to me that she would do that.
4  She asked me what I would do.
5  She asked me if I would do that.
6  She asked me what I was doing.
7  She asked me when I would arrive.

11.
2  She announced that they were stopping all production.
3  He reassured me that they had fitted new files.
4  She replied that they could do absolutely nothing.